Table of Contents
- 1. links
- 2. phonetic transcriptions
- 3. common
- 4. phrases:
- 5. slang
- 6. ideoms
- 7. old pronouns
- 8. meeting speach
- 9. job terms
- 10. please find attached my resume
- 11. Intervew - interoduction
- 12. Banks [bæŋks]
- 13. neural networks
- 14. IDE features
- 15. Latin and Greek
- 16. Mobile [ˈməʊbaɪl]
- 17. Союзы
- 18. Morphological derivation
- 19. math
- 20. -s ending pronunciation
- 21. time: at, in, on, for, per, in
- 22. grammar
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1. links
- transcription https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/kurtosis
- pronunciation mp3 https://howjsay.com/how-to-pronounce-Kurtosis
2. phonetic transcriptions
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) - based primarily on the Latin script.
- [ … ] - may not be used for distinguishing words in the language being transcribed
- / … / - note only features that are distinctive in the language. 'p' sounds of English pin and spin are pronounced differently, the difference is not meaningful in English - ˈpɪn and ˈspɪn - same phoneme p.
links
3. common
(франц. comme il faut - как должно
software solutions [ˈsɒftweər] [səˈluːʃn]
- in the cloud (klaʊd)
- on-premise [ˈprɛmɪs] - традиционно
- On-Demand [ɔn-dɪˈmɑːnd] - cloud SaaS
- premise ˈpremis предпосылка The premise of something is that.
- hybrid scenario ˈhaɪbrɪd sɪˈnɑːrɪˌəʊ
- условие не выполняется
- function of indefinite arity
- figuratively [ˈfɪgjərətɪvlɪ] образно, фигурально
- literally [ˈlɪtərəlɪ] прямо, буквально
- customizing [ˈkʌstəmaɪzɪŋ]
- personalization [pɜːsənəlɪˈzeɪʃn]
- modification [mɔdɪfɪˈkeɪʃn]
- customer [ˈkʌstəmə]
- report [rɪˈpɔːt]
- dialog [ˈdaɪəlɒg]
- reuse [rɪˈjuːz]
- user [ˈjuːzə] dialog [ˈdaɪəlɒg]
- functionality ˌfʌŋkʃəˈnæləti
- possibility ˌpɒsəˈbɪləti
- upgrade ˈʌpɡreɪd
- group ɡruːp
- multi-layer ˈmʌlti//ˈleɪə(r)
- template [ˈtemplət]
- to profile [ˈprəʊfaɪl] обрабатывать по шаблону
- сonsolidate [kənˈsɒlɪˌdeɪt] объединять, хранить в одном месте
- data governance [ˈɡʌvənəns] управление данными
- persistence [pəˈsɪstəsn] постоянсво persistent classes
- query [ˈkwɪərɪ] запрос
To achieve overall system reliability in the presence of a number of faulty processes. Достичь общей достоверности при наличии нескольких неисправных процессов.
- overall
- [ˈəʊvərˌɔːl] общей [ˌəʊvərˈɔːl] в общем и целом Overall accuracy
non
- typo [/ˈtaɪ.pəʊ/]
- misprint.
- procedure [prəˈsiːʤə]
- .
- array [əˈreɪ]
- .
- tuple[ˈtjʊpəl]
- finite ordered list (как правило одного типа) например: relat. database - records(rows), list in Lisp
- sequence [ˈsiːkwəns]
- .
- function [ˈfʌŋkʃən]
- функционировать. it functions as something.
- variable [ˈvɛərɪəbəl]
- переменная
- value [ˈvæljuː]
- значение
- embedded [ɪmˈbɛdɪd]
- embedded systems
- facilitate changes [fəˈsɪlɪˌteɪt]
- обеспечивать изменение. в react programming.
- decimal
- [ˈdɛsɪməl] десятичная дробь
- assignment [əˈsaɪnmənt]
- назначение
- architecture [ˈɑːkɪˌtɛktʃə]
- .
- interpreter [ɪnˈtɜːprɪtə]
- истолкователь.
- throughput [ˈθruːˌpʊt]
- пропускная способность
- latency, latence [ˈleɪtəns]
- просто задержка, скрытая задержка, delay время вызова
- queue [kjuː]
- очередь
- ack [ˈæk]
- подтверждение получения (message will be acked or failed)
- suspension [səˈspɛnʃən]
- приостановка
- monitoring [ˈmɒnɪtərɪŋ]
- .
- enhancement [ɪn'hɑːnsmənt]
- усовершенствование to enhance [ɪnˈhɑːns]
- layer [ˈleɪə]
- . microservices layer
- process [ˈprəʊsɛs]
- .
- notation [nəʊˈteɪʃən]
- Business Process Model and Notation
- workflow [ˈwɜːkˌfləʊ]
- рабочий процесс, документооборот.
- overloading [ˈəʊvəˌləʊd] v [ˌəʊvəˈləʊd]
- .
- overriding [ˌəʊvəˈraɪdɪŋ]
- .
- multithreading [ˌmʌltɪˈθrɛdɪŋ]
- многопоточность
- processing [ˈprəʊsesɪŋ]
- обработка
- recap [ˈriːkæp]
- резюме о чем-то Let us quickly do a recap about Kafka
- keyword [ˈkiːwɜːd]
- ключевое слово
- machine [məˈʃiːn]
- .
- workshop [ˈwɜːkʃɔp]
- семинар, мастерская
- workbench [ˈwɜːkbenʧ]
- инструментальные средства, рабочее место
- storage [ˈstɔːrɪʤ]
- .
- Dilemma [daɪˈlem.ə]
- two.
- Trilemma [traɪˈlem.ə]
- .
OOP
- descendant [dɪˈsendənt]
- потомок. these and their descendants - они и их потомки
Data
- clause [klɔːz]
- SQL clause
- column [ˈkɒləm]
- колонка
- query [ˈkwɪərɪ]
- запрос
- volume [ˈvɒljuːm]
- объем данных
- variety [vəˈraɪɪtɪ]
- разнообразие типов и источников данных
- velocity [vɪˈlɒsɪtɪ]
- скорость поступления и обработки
- veracity [vɛˈræsɪtɪ]
- достоверность данных
- noise [nɔɪz]
- .
- batch [bætʃ]
- партия, пакет
- commit [kəˈmɪt]
- .
- subscript [ˈsʌbskrɪpt]
- index
- discrepancy [dɪsˈkrepənsɪ]
- несоответствие, разница discrepancy between the expected and
- accuracy [ˈækjʊrəsɪ]
- точность = num of correct classification/ total num of predicates
adj
- abstract [ˈæbstrækt]
- .
- compiled [kəmˈpaɪl]
- .
- compulsory kəmˈpʌlsərɪ
- обязательнный
- obligatory ɔˈblɪgətərɪ
- обязательный
- mandatory [ˈmændətərɪ]
- обязательны mandatory access control
- discretionary [dɪˈskrɛʃənərɪ]
- Discretionary access control у объекта
- coherent
- [kəʊˈhɪərənt] последовательный
- error prone
- [prəʊn] склонный к ошибкам. error prone behavior, solution
- explicit ɪkˈsplɪsɪt
- явный
- robust [rəʊˈbʌst]
- надежный Java is a strong programming language as it uses strong memory management. The concepts like Automatic garbage collection, Exception handling, etc. make it more robust.
- composite [ˈkɔmpəzɪt]
- составной
- obsolete [ˈɒbsəˌliːt] eng [äbsəˈlēt]
- устарелый
- resilient [rɪˈzɪlɪənt]
- устойчивый к , resilient to architecture erosion
- loosely coupled [luːs]-ly [kʌpəld]
- loosely coupled services.
- fault tolerant [fɔːlt] [ˈtɒlərənt]
- отказоусточивый see Reliability
- failover [ˈfeɪləʊvər]
- failover software - a method of protecting computer systems from failure, in which standby equipment automatically takes over when the main system fails. will reschedule its task to the standby server.
- standby
- резервный
- fail-fast
- systems are usually designed to stop normal operation rather than attempt to continue
- unwarranted [ʌnˈwɒrəntɪd]
- необоснованный
- distributed [dɪˈstrɪbjuːtɪd]
- распределенные системы решающие одну проблему SOA-based systems to massively multiplayer online games to peer-to-peer applications.
- decentralise [diːˈsɛntrəˌlaɪz]
- decentralization
- Swarm intelligence [swɔːm]
- коллективное поведение децентрализованной самоорганизующейся системы
- faulty [ˈfɔːltɪ]
- неисправный
- virtual [ˈvɜːtʃʊəl]
- Java Virtual Machine
- lightweight [ˈlaɪtˌweɪt]
- облегченный, меньше кода
- versatile [ˈvɜːsətaɪl]
- универсальный, многоцелевой, многофункциональный,
- arbitrary [ˈɑːbɪtrərɪ]
- произвольный arbitrary value - произвольное значение
- supersede [sjuːpəˈsiːd] superseded
- замененный
- precede [prɪˈsiːd]
- предшествующий
- salient [ˈseɪljənt]
- salient features существенные фичи
- Boilerplate [ˈbɔɪləpleɪt]
- шаблон, шаблонный
- graceful [ˈgreɪsf(ə)l]
- изящный
- refused [rɪˈfjuːzd]
- connection refused отклоненный, отвергнутый
- (no term)
- opt-in options, rather than an opt-out options - opting-in - выбрать-в, opting-out выбрать-вон
- adhere [ədˈhir]
- v. придерживаться, прилепить; adhered - прилепший
Data
- periodic [ˌpɪərɪˈɒdɪk]
- периодический
- dense [dens]
- without gaps - плотный
- sparse [spɑːs]
- with gaps - разреженный
non
- timeliness
- своевременность
- accuracy [ˈækjʊrəsɪ]
- точность
- completeness [kəmˈpliːt]
- завершенность, законченность, полнота
- meaning [ˈmiːnɪŋ]
- значащий
- granularity [ˌɡrænjʊˈlærɪtɪ]
- величина зерен и их количество - зернистость
- fine-grained [ɡreɪn]
- выверенно зернистый
- fault-tolerant [fɔːlt] [ˈtɒlərənt]
- отказоустойчивость. Если часть системы откажет, то ничего
- scalability [ˌskeɪləˈbɪlɪtɪ]
- масштабируемость scalable [ˈskeɪləbəl] масштабируемый
- reliability [rɪˈlaɪəbəl]
- надежность, достоверность reliably [rɪˈlaɪəbəl]
- performance [pəˈfɔːməns]
- производит-ность
- serviceability [ˈsɜːvɪsəbəl]
- бесперебойность
- reliability
- надежность
verb
- invocation [ˌɪnvəˈkeɪʃən]
- вызов decouples method execution from method invocation
- execute [ˈɛksɪˌkjuːt]
- выполнять
- evaluate [ɪˈvæljʊˌeɪt]
- вычислять
- interpret [ɪnˈtɜːprɪt]
- .
- extend [ɪkˈstɛnd]
- .
- implement [ˈɪmplɪmənt] verb [ˈɪmplɪˌmɛnt]
- to set-up
- the set-up. устанавить
- cite [saɪt]
- цитировать he cited "" он цитировал
- acquire [əˈkwaɪə]
- приобретать
- emit
- emits the data to
- deplay [dɪˈplɔɪ] deployment [dɪˈplɔɪmənt]
- развертывать
- detection [dɪˈtekʃn]
- обнаружение
- yield [jiːld]
- уступать, дает, It did not yield much.
- bootstrap [ˈbuːtstræp]
- self-starting process
- infer [ɪnˈfɜː]
- догадываться. сompiler in situations where it cannot infer the type automatically
- prediction [prɪˈdɪkʃn]
- REST API that serves up predictions
- estimate [ˈestɪmɪt]
- probability estimate - оценка вероятности
adv
- succinctly [səkˈsɪŋktlɪ]
- кратко, лаконично can be coded succinctly
4. phrases:
- I hope in hindsight [ɪn ˈhaɪndsaɪt] надеюсь задним числом
- indivisible atom [ˌɪndɪˈvɪzəbəl] [ˈætəm] - неделимый атом
- you are outnumbered [ˌaʊtˈnʌmbə] - ты в меньшинстве
- de-emphasizes explicit dick manupulation - не акцентирует внимание на явном манипулировании членом
- Clean and fluent English - Чистый и свободный английский язык
- You Are encouraged [ɪnˈkʌrɪʤd] to fill out the value to list - Вам предлагается заполнить список значений
- is an instance of the argument or of a subclass thereof (из этого) (или их подкласса)
- Jack of all trades - мастер на все руки
- State-of-the-art (cutting edge) (SOTA) - highest level of general development, as of a device, technique, or scientific field achieved at a particular time.
- all are species of a common genus - все есть виды общего рода
- In its substance, … - По своей сути, что-то такое-то…
- used to provide an unbiased evaluation - непредвзятая оценка
- цель оправдывает средства
- an apple a day keeps the doctor away
- speak of the devil and he doth/shall appear
5. slang
- lame
- boring
- rad
- radical - cool
- Aima
- most beautiful girl/boy
- homie
- сосед чувак
- (no term)
- homeboy
- (no term)
- street cat
- boomer
- фанатик прошлого
- wishbone
- рэпер с повторяющимися стихами
- jacking off
- дрочить
- PITA
- pain in the ass
- wigger
- white like a nigger
- (no term)
- 보추 literally means "pussy + dick" and it really means a trap, an otokonoko, a male cross-dresser.
- Normie
- normal zombie
- Sperg
- obsessive on subject of interest
- Derailment
- wrong to anal hole
- Janitor
- genius failed by the education system
- janny
- Short for janitor. less authority than a moderator. He's a janny on an anime imageboard. He does it for free. a girl with the emotional capacity of a rock.
- Glowie
- hence they "glow in the dark." - CIA fails "here's how to get cheap guns illegally", "we should shoot first ", and " Stop larping kill the blank now "
- glownigger
- governmental agent (FBI, NSA, CIA, ATF) making bait posts
- Jagger
- boy with lots of wonderful thoughts that will share anything with you
- Weeaboo
- person who retains an unhealthy obsession with Japan and Japanese culture
- redpills
- one side of truth propoganda, example IOTBW
- Vanned
- to be fucked by the FBI
- oinkies
- police
- binging on things
- увлечья чем-то
- rulecuck
- чувак помешанный на правилах, затворник
- heck
- hell - She has a heck of a lot of money. Thats a heck of a bug.
- (no term)
- Dread:: группа диллеров
- lay off
- отвали, отложить что-то за ненадобностью
- ginger
- расса огня Прометея с красными волосами и виснушками
- cuteness
- act of being cute
- Lookit
- Abbreviation of "look at that/this
- splort
- Head-exploding cuteness.
- 94
- everything and anything you want it to mean.
- dox
- Personal information
- trick
- man who lets women use him
- yankass
- a person whose only hobby is to insult people and/or push their buttons.
- Duh
- Of course you idiot, obviously, Duh Dad
- imposter/Impostor
- пхохой чел в команде котоырй использует чужое имя.
- phatass
- Female with a nice rounded buttocks
- Sheesh
- Dammmmmn
- Reds
- secanol–a barbituate/downer.
- Sussy balls
- подозрительный человек, коп на вечеринке
- dip into
- To remove a portion of a stash of drugs for the purpose of consumption.
- mosey
- slow forward movement of the legs
- fuck up, screw up, mess up
- 1. To make a mistake 2. shut the fuck up
- dissing
- showing disrespect
- run up on
- to confront someone with hostility
- shill
- зазывала, проплаченный критик
- Clyde
- smart assholes that know how to get their way around things
- Yummu
- very pleasing to the senses, especially to the taste; delicious, an adjective describing someone who is soo great that theyre yummy. An expression of enjoyment and joy.
- (no term)
- rope - rape
- bonanza bəˈnæn·zə
- кладезь. A rich mine, vein, or pocket of ore. a situation in which large profits are made. ex: bonanza of topics
- TL;DR
- too long; didn't read
- NB
- 1) "Nota Bene," Latin for "please note;" 2) not bad 3) Non-binary
- wrecked
- to get drunk, beyond drunk, because of a bad day or week. ex. Man, I had three exams today, im gonna get wrecked tonight
- Rekt
- Rekt means a player got completely destroyed, usually used in first person shooter games. ex. HA GET REKT M8 U SUCK LOLOL
- bombshell
- гром среди ясного неба, потрясающая новость
- Rimshot [rimˌSHät]
- 1) a drum beat used to draw attention to the humor or pointedness of a preceding statement 2)
basketball: a shot that strikes the rim of the hoop
- cringe
- draw back, as with fear or pain; show submission or fear
- crange
- The combinations of the words cringe and strange.
5.1. shorts
- tho - Though.[ðəʊ] - хотя, однако
- im - I am
- awhile - for a while
- Nah - no
- Henlo - Hello
- Fren - frend
- ngl - Not Gonna Lie
- tbh - to be honest
- for ya: for you
- fixed that for you
- trying to
- young teen - pretty and knew it
- you
- hello
- выставление мускулатуры
- дюшбэг
- testicles
- nigga version of you
- suspishos [səsˈpɪʃəs]
- (kŭs) Informal - A curse or A stubborn or annoying person or animal.
- What Happened?
- mate
5.2. - Kinda,” “wanna,” “whatcha,” “hafta,” “gimme,” “lemme,” and “gonna
- Kinda = Kind of
- wanna - Want to/a
- Whatcha = What are you
- hafta
- gimme
- lemme
- gonna
- Outta = Out of. ex. I’m outta here. - я ухожу отсюда
Ain’t = Has not/have not Ain’t = Am not/are not/is not
6. ideoms
- opt for
- I opt for it - it fresher. people opt for English
- in search of
- steer clear
- держаться подальше
- (no term)
- therefore
- (no term)
- “I can relate.” / “I can’t relate.” / “to relate to something” - to understand feelings
- make use of
- использовать то, что не было использовано
- it should be taken to mean a
- это следует понимать как означающее
- Get a load of something
- зацени это
- case in point
- наглядный пример
- hold up
- подожди секундочку, держись!, держать высоко
- nigga hush
- нигер заткнись
- token gesture [ˈʤesʧə]
- символический жест
- queue the boo/hisses
- очередь на бу и шипение
- Desire path
- тропинка game trail, social trail, fishermen trail, bootleg trail, etc.
- In a nutshell
- в двух словах
- wind up
- кончить как-то, wind up dead - сдохнуть.
- All the more reason
- тем более, нужно что-то
- on your own
- по своей воле
- is not just
- неправильно
- run-of-the-mill
- заурядный (пробег мельницы)
- in one go
- закодировать в одном месте, сделать за один раз
- from the ground up
- с нуля
- the proof is in the pudding
- means the value, quality, or truth of something must be judged based on direct experience with it
- (no term)
- get to it:: ближе к делу
- (no term)
- nitty-gritty ['nɪtɪ'grɪtɪ] - моменты (чего-либо)
- look forward to hearing from you
- ждать вашего ответа, звонка, известия, новостей от вас.
- on the ball
- aware of events
6.1. fillers, crutches
- like
- so
- totally
- exactly
- roughly - примерно
beginig:
- i mean
- well
- okay
- you see
- by the way
- i just
7. old pronouns
thou shalt not kill
- thou, ye [jiː] - you
- shalt - form of shall for you
неформальные: thee - тебя thy/thine - твой theirs
thou knowest, thou knewest - ты знаешь, ты знал
exceptions:
- thou dost, thou didst
- thou art, thou wast, thou wert - are,was, were
- thou shalt
- thou hast, thou hadst - have
- thou wilt - will
- thou must
8. meeting speach
- Docker [ˈdɒkə]
- python [ˈpaɪθən]
- Jupyter (ˈdʒuːpɪtər
- analysis [əˈnælɪsɪs]
- random [ˈrændəm]
- gradient boosting [ˈgreɪdɪənt] [ˈbuːstɪŋ]
- feature [ˈfiːʧə] [ɪmˈpɔːtəns]
- estimator [ˈestɪmeɪtə]
- classificator [ˈklæsɪfɪkeɪtər]
- diagram [ˈdaɪəgræm]
- confusion [kənˈfjuːʒən] matrix - table layout for supervized learning with predicted errors
- it
- please remind me
- what took the most time
- что вызывает боьше сложностей
- what will you do tomorrow
- извините если отнял у вас мног овремени
- как это сказать на английском How do they say it in French?
- если пытаться будет получаться лучше и лучше
- if you try it will get better and better
- why english is important?
it is pronounced as [prəˈnaʊnst] [æz]
Good morning. (yandex) Yesterday [ˈjestədɪ]. I was working on finding the best model (google translate) I worked on the best model yesterday Well, there's one other thing I've been working on you might find somewhat more interesting. I fixed several bugs
I have found that I was looking for
I am going
what will you do tomorrow
I am finished.
have a nice day see you at the next morting meeting tomorrow
8.1. what yearsterday
what have you been up to lately
8.2. did
- I have done everything she told me.
- I've done it.
- I did everything you wanted.
- I didn’t do much yesterday [ˈjestədɪ] since the majority of my day consisted of meetings.
- I made this lock.
i made a big effort - приложил большие усилия Most of the time I have to answer email.
forget
- I did not forget that I did that.
- I forgot to make it.
9. job terms
a notice period is a period of time between the receipt of the letter of dismissal and the end of the last working day
10. please find attached my resume
terms
- applying for jobs
- applicant
- to a hiring manager
- cover letter - is a letter of introduction attached to or accompanying another document such as a résumé or a curriculum vitae(CV)("course of life").[1]
when used:
- Submitting a cover letter or email or online form with resume
- Responding to an interview invitation
- get their attention to attached resume
- Requesting a professional recommendation from current boss and attach resume for him
avoid using:
- Please find attached my resume.
- Please find attached: my resume.
- Please find, attached, my resume.
- Please find my resume attached.
- Please find attached my resume for your review and consideration.
Alternative Ways:
- I have attached my resume for your consideration.
- My resume is in attachments of this email for your consideration.
- My resume is included for your consideration.
- My resume has been included for your review.
- I attached my resume for your review.
- You will find my resume attached.
- Let me know if you have any questions about my resume attached below.
- I have attached my resume for your review.
- I have included my resume for your review.
- You will find my resume attached below.
- As the attached resume/documents show(s)…
- Please refer to my attached resume for more about…
- The resume I’ve attached includes more information about…
- I’ve included my resume for your reference.
- To learn more about my involvement/experience with [something], refer to my attached resume.
11. Intervew - interoduction
mathematician [ˌmæθəmə'tɪʃn] It's called RUSNARBANK.
Hello! Nice to meet you.
My last place of work was IT software company that provide financial service with help of blockchian transaction technology. I was warking on AutoML project, I have been programming, planning and researching for two month in this organization. I was fired without clear reason. I was told that I don't have base knowledge, I don't know what that knowledge are.
My last place of work was a medium size bank with about 600 workers. I have been working there for 4 years with software development, Machine Learning and Neural Networks.
My biggest projects there were programming with Apache Airflow, the documents recognition service and data analysis for client scoring(this last project included in itself model interpretation and clusterization). All of them were successful. [sək'sesf(ə)l]
I like programming and math and choose to specialize myself as a Data Scientist, because I have experience with Deep Learning, Machine Learning, Mathematical statistics and I prepare myself to learn. [mæθɪ'mætɪk(ə)l]
I use Python programming language and I read about new features of new versions. I concentrate at Data Science. I hope that you will visit my github account and my portfolio project to see my works. [pɔ:t'fəulɪəu]
In future I hope to become MLOps architect ['ɑ:kɪtekt].
Also I have special skills:
- I can administrate Linux exceptionly. As a hobby I use only software from sources and recommended by U.S. Department of Defense. I harden my home Linux in kernel, at boot, at network and application izolation.
- I keep my knowledge in special files organized as semantic tree or ontology structure with references.[sɪ'mæntɪk] [ɒn'tɒlədʒi]
- As you can see my fundamental skills is very strong, that is why I can do magic.
Thank you.
You can check the project code on github account.
I'm glad to meet you. questions:
- how big your company are?, how many workers are in your company?
- What is the name of your company and what is its specialization?
- How big is your company and how many employees does it have?
- Which department would I be working in and how many people work in that department?
- What project are you hiring for?
- What is the work schedule, remote or in-office, and what are the hours?
- What is the salary? (monthly payments, monthly pay period, on the last Friday of the month)
- How are payments made and what methods are available for transferring them?
- What interesting things did you notice in my resume/CV and why did you choose me for this position?
- What are the next steps in the interview process (after I am offered the job?)
thank you for your invitation.
you can expect to be contacted by email or phone regarding the status of your application. If you are offered the job, you will likely receive an offer letter outlining the terms and conditions of employment. It is important to carefully review and understand this document before accepting the job.
12. Banks [bæŋks]
- Financial institutions [faɪˈnænʃəl] [ɪnstɪˈtjuːʃn]
- banking institutions
- deposit [dɪˈpɔzɪt]
- вклад, Depository institutions - кредитная организация
- fraud [frɔːd]
- мошенничество
- swipe [swaɪp]
- Swipe your card, please. Paid $300,000 on swipe fees. swipe machines - проводя черной полосой карты
- retail stores [ˈriːteɪl] [stɔːz]
- розничные магазины.
- pricing [ˈpraɪsɪŋ]
- ценообразование
- Interest rate [ˈɪntrɪst reɪt]
- Процентная ставка
- variable interest rate (ARM) Adjustable-rate mortgage
- fixed rates
12.1. investment
- investment [ɪnˈvestmənt]
- Home equity [həʊm ˈekwɪtɪ]
- Собственный капитал
- Treasury Yield [jiːld]
- доходность казначейских облигаций Debt obligations
- Treasury Rate [ˈtreʒ(ə)rɪ]
- то же, 10 Years US Treasury Rate
- debt obligations [det ɒblɪˈgeɪʃn]
- долговые обязательства - treasury bill, treasury note, treasury bond
- investor confidance [ˈkɒnfɪdəns]
- уверенность
- savings [ˈseɪvɪŋz]
- сбережения
- net worth
- балансовая стоимость - собаственный капитал
- book value
- чистые активы - собаственный капитал
12.2. credit, loan
- credit
- кредит, кредитование
- credit obligation [ɒblɪˈgeɪʃn]
- кредитное обязательство
- Credit bureau [bjʊəˈrəʊ]
- кредитное бюро
- credit report [rɪˈpɔːt]
- кредитная история
- credit term [tɜːm]
- срок кредитования, credit terms - условия предоставления кредита
- borrow [ˈbɒrəʊ]
- одолжить
- borrower [ˈbɔrəuə]
- заемщик, должник
- lend [lend]
- одалживать
- lender [ˈlendə]
- кредитор, кредитодатель
- loan [ləʊn]
- кредит, ссуда, заем, заимствование borrowing, lending
- Loan origination [ərɪʤɪˈneɪʃn] :: Оформление кредита - Mortgage origination
- Ипотечное кредитование
- loan issue
- выдача кредита
- Revolving credit
- не имеющий рассрочки
- home equity loan
- кредит под залог имущества type of loan in which the borrower uses the equity of his or her home as collateral
- default
- is failure to meet the legal obligations (or conditions) of a loan.
- Credit exposure
- is a measurement of the maximum potential loss to a lender if the borrower defaults on payment.
- counterparties
- entities to which an exposure of financial risk may exist.
- prospective debtor [prəˈspektiv ˈdedər]
- потенциальный должник
12.3. repayment
- repayment[rɪˈpeɪmənt]
- выплата, возмещение
- installment loan or credit
- рассрочка, scheduled payments
- amortization schedule [əmɔːtəˈzeɪʃən]
- график погашения
- delinquency [dɪˈlɪŋkwənsɪ]
- просрочка
- charge-off
- written off as uncollectable, the debt is still legally valid and will be collected.
- to default [dɪˈfɔːlt]
- невыполнение обязательств
- delinquent [dɪˈlɪŋkwənt]
- неплательщик
- amount due [əˈmaʊnt djuː]
- сумма задолженности
12.4. mortage
- mortgage [ˈmɔːgɪʤ]
- заклад
- mortgage loan - ипотечный кредит
- real estate mortgage - ипотека, залог недвижимости
- mortgage application - заявка ни ипотеку
- collateral [kəˈlatrəl]
- залог
- lien [lɪən]
- залог
- pledge [pleʤ]
- залог
- House Price Index or Home Supply Index
- Индекс Цен На Жилье
13. neural networks
- successive [səkˈsesɪv]
- последующий
- neural [ˈnjʊərəl]
- нейронный
- downsampling [daʊnˈsɑːmplɪŋ]
- approximation at a lower rate or density without filter
- recurrent [rɪˈkʌrənt]
- повторяющийся
- learning [ˈlɜːnɪŋ]
- самообучение
- training [ˈtreɪnɪŋ]
- обучение с подкрепление
- threshold [ˈθreʃhəʊld]
- пороговая величина
- estimate [ˈestɪmeɪtə]
- оценка
- oscillations [ɒsɪˈleɪʃnz]
- колебания
- augment [ˈɔːgment]
- увеличение, увеличивать
14. IDE features
- syntax highlighting
- smart and not smart autocompletion
- code folding
- indentation
- next occurrence
- Source navigation
- code generation
- integrated code debugger
- Project wizards and templates
15. Latin and Greek
- e.g. iːˈdʒiː. From Latin exempli gratia ‘for the sake of example’
- ad hoc ˌæd ˈhɒk from Latin :"for this"
- and vice versa и наоборот
- nullipotent - nullus (“not any”) + potent (“having power”) – literally, “having no power” - no side effect on reading data
- Idempotence - idem + potence (same + power) - multiple request have same result.
- Pros and cons - a shortening of the Latin expression "pro et contra" (for and against)
- ca. 1800 BCE - приблизительно до нашей эры 2019CE Before the Common or Current Era
- AD 2019 (anno Domini, "[the] year of [the] Lord")
- 400 BC ("before Christ")
- c., ca., or ca (and less frequently circ. or cca.) Circa [ˈsɜːkə] (from Latin, meaning 'around, about')
- Curriculum vitae [kəˈrɪkjʊləm ˈviːtaɪ, -ˈwiːtaɪ, -ˈvaɪtiː] - [the] course of [my] life - резюмэ
- Tabula rasa лат.«Чистая доска» - индивид рождается без врождённого или встроенного умственного содержания
16. Mobile [ˈməʊbaɪl]
- mobile phone [ˈməʊbaɪl fəʊn]
- .
- tablet [ˈtæblɪt]
- дощечка, таблетка
- pin
- прикреплять app к dock at bottom of the screen
- tap
- нажать на notification to open its corresponding app
- Internal accelerometers [ɪnˈtɜːnl] [ækˌsɛləˈrɒmɪtə]
- акселерометр- shaking and rotation detection.
17. Союзы
- though
- хотя…
- although [ɔːlˈðəʊ]
- несмотря на то что,
- as though
- как-будто
- provided [prəvaɪdɪd]
- при условии They will help you provided you tell them the truth.
- either here or there
- или тут или там
- neither here nor there
- ни тут ни там
- She is both beautiful and intelligent.
- И красива и умна.
- So tired that can not talk.
- Настолько уставший, что не может говорить.
- Sick as he was, he worked diligently.
- Хоть болел, но работал прилежно
- We started early so as to finish it all in time.
- чтобы успеть
- Do it now lest you change your mind.
- Сделай сейчас пока не передумал
- by vs per
- by - ones uses as "grouped by" others as "made by", per - percent.
18. Morphological derivation
derivational patterns
- adjective-to-noun: -ness (slow → slowness)
- adjective-to-verb: -en (weak → weaken)
- adjective-to-adjective: -ish (red → reddish)
- adjective-to-adverb: -ly (personal → personally); (slow → slowly
- noun-to-adjective: -al (recreation → recreational)
- noun-to-verb: -fy (glory → glorify)
- verb-to-adjective: -able (drink → drinkable)
- verb-to-noun (abstract): -ance (deliver → deliverance)
- verb-to-noun (agent): -er (write → writer)
prefix
- write → re-write;
- lord → over-lord
- (healthy → unhealthy ; do → undo
- circle (verb) → encircle (verb); rich (adj) → enrich (verb), large (adj) → enlarge (verb), rapture (noun) → enrapture (verb), slave (noun) → enslave (verb).
19. math
- math [mæθ]
- математический
- mathematics [ˌmæθəˈmætɪks]
- математика
- mathematician [ˌmæθəməˈtɪʃən]
- математик
- odd [ɒd]
- нечетное нечетный
- even [ˈiːvən]
- четное
- formula [ˈfɔːmjʊlə]
- формула
- parentheses ( ) [pəˈrɛnθəsiːz]
- .
- brackets [ ] [ˈbrækɪt]
- braces { } [ˈbreɪsɪz]
- фигурные скобки
- trivial [ˈtrɪvɪəl]
- .
- Arithmetic [əˈrɪθmətɪk]
- искуство чисел - Number theory - более новая ветвь.
- addition [əˈdɪʃən]
- добавление add [æd]
- subtraction [səbˈtrækʃən]
- , subtract вычесть
- multiplication [ˌmʌltɪplɪˈkeɪʃən]
- умножение
- multiply [ˈmʌltɪˌplaɪ]
- умножить
- product [ˈprɒdʌkt]
- произведение
- division [dɪˈvɪʒən]
- divide [dɪˈvaɪd] diviser [dɪˈvaɪzə].
- exponentiation [ˌɛkspəˌnɛnʃɪˈeɪʃən]
- возведение в степень b^n b-base n-
- exponent [ɪkˈspəʊnənt]
- степень
- power
- When we multiply two powers we add their exponents. "b raised to the n-th power", "b raised to the power of n", or "the n-th power of b"
- factor [ˈfæktə]
- множитель
- coordinate system [kəʊˈɔːdɪnɪt]
- .
- x-axis [ˈæksɪs] plural axes [ˈæksiːz]
- ось оси
- origin(0.0) [ˈɒrɪdʒɪn]
- начало координат
- Inequalities [ˌɪnɪˈkwɒlɪtɪ]
- неравенства = < >= != Equality and Relational Operators (java)
- equation [ɪˈkweɪʒən]
- уравнение
- absolute value [ˈæbsəˌluːt]
- |x|
- zero [ˈzɪərəʊ]
- .
- negative [ˈnɛɡətɪv] positive number [ˈpɒzɪtɪv]
- .
- plus sign [plʌs] [saɪn] minus [ˈmaɪnəs]
- .
- numerator [ˈnjuːməˌreɪtə] dividend [ˈdɪvɪˌdɛnd]
- числитель
- denominator [dɪˈnɒmɪˌneɪtə] divisor [dɪˈvaɪzə]
- знаменатель
- quotient [ˈkwəʊʃənt]
- частное 20/3 = the quotient = 6 and two thirds 2/3 (also ratio of a dividend to its divisor)
- remainder [rɪˈmeɪndə]
- остаток (Remainder operator %)
- ratio [ˈreɪʃɪˌəʊ]
- отношение 2:3
- monomial [mɒˈnəʊmɪəl]
- одночлен
- reciprocal [riˈsiprəkəl]
- or multiplicative inverse. for x = 1/x or x^-1
- degree [dɪˈɡriː]
- уровень
- polynomial [ˌpɒlɪˈnəʊmɪəl]
- многочлен. сумма одночленов
- coefficient [ˌkəʊɪˈfɪʃənt]
- содействующий фактор
- set
- множество
- commutativity[kəˈmjuːtətɪvɪtɪ]
- zg = gz
- Bijection [bɪˈʤekʃn]
- биекция
- injection [ɪnˈʤekʃn]
- как биекция, только не на все элементы
- distributivity [dɪˈstrɪbjʊtɪvɪtɪ]
- дистрибутивость with respect to addition - правая и левая.
- Intersection [ɪntəˈsekʃn]
- пересечение
- Cartesian Product [kɑːˈtiːzjən ˈprɔdʌkt]
- декартово произведение
- intersept [ˈɪntəsept]
- y-intercept y-пересечения
- logarithm [ˈlɔgərɪðəm]
- .
- quantify [ˈkwɔntɪfaɪ]
- количественно оценить Probability quantifies as a number between 0 and 1x
- derivative [dɪˈrɪvətɪv]
- производная
- Gradient [ˈgreɪdjənt]
- градиент
- logistic [ləˈʤɪstɪk]
- логистический
- Hyperbolic [haɪpɜːˈbɔlɪk]
- функции выраженные экспоненту и тесно связанных с тригонометрическими функциями
- converge [kənˈvɜːʤ]
- сходиться
frases:
- A variable is a letter, for example x, y or z
- To evaluate an algebraic expression
- arithmetic operations + - /
- solve equation 6*x=12. solution x =2
- sides of an equation
- This kind of diagram is called a number line -—|-1–—|0-—|+1-–—
- whole numbers 0,1,2,3 …
20. -s ending pronunciation
- To create a plural noun (cats)
- To conjugate a verb (snows)
- To show possession (coach's, coaches')
- To create a contraction (coach's meaning coach is or coach has) - сокращение
Three posibilities [pɔsəˈbɪlɪtɪs]:
- s 's sound': hats hæts
- z 'z sound': loves lʌvz
- ɪz 'short i'+'z sound': misses 'mɪ sɪz
ɪz final sound:
- s misses
- z causes
- ʧ watches
- ʤ changes
- ʃ wishes
- ʒ garages
s
- p stops
- k looks
- t cats
- θ Earth's
z
- b describes
- g begs
- d words
- ð bathes
- v loves
- l calls
- r cures
- m dreams
- n rains
- ŋ belongs
21. time: at, in, on, for, per, in
21.0.1. for, per, in
- in one year 1) за один год 2) через один год (generally refers to a period of time that starts from the present moment)
- for a year I have been working on this project for a year (может в прошлом когда-то)
- per year, в год
21.0.2. at, in, on
- at for a PRECISE TIME
- in for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
- on for DAYS and DATES
ex:
- at 3 o'clock
- in May
- on Sunday
When we say last, next, every, this we do not also use at, in, on.
- I went to London last June. (not in last June)
https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/prepositions-at-in-on-time.php
22. grammar
22.1. theory: classes of words
- Nouns
- Verbs
- I, my, thou, thy, thine, thee, ye, you, myself
- large, white, this, few, Richard is careless. - modify nouns (directly before nouns)
- Richard talks carelessly, slowly, yesterday, here, well - modify verb
- Prepositions
- Conjunctions
- Exclamations
22.1.1. inverted sentences:
- Dark was the night.
- Beautiful was the morning
- Where is the book?
- How sad was the story.
- Great was the joy.
22.2. am/is/are
I | am | I'm |
he/she/it | is | he's |
we/you/they | are | we're |
22.3. tenses
22.3.1. theory
three main Tenses: Present, Past, Future
four Tense Form:
- Simple
- Continuous
- Perfect
- Perfect Continuous
22.3.2. Continuous, Perfect
Continuous (be -ing)
Present – настоящее | Past – прошедшее | Future – будущее | |
---|---|---|---|
+ | It is raining. | It was raining. промежуток времени | It will be raining. |
– | It is not raining. | It wasn’t raining. | It will not be raining. |
? | Is it raining? | Was it raining? промежуток времени | Will it be raining? |
Perfect (have/has)
Present – have/has | Past – had | Future – have by, in a week | |
---|---|---|---|
+ | I have seen you.имеем результат | I had seen you.перед чем-то | I will have finished this project by Friday. |
– | I have not seen you.уже мимо прошел | I hadn’t seen you. | I will have not V(3) … |
? | Has he seen her? | Had he seen her? | Will I have V(3) … ? |
perfect continuous (… |now )
- I have been working
past perfect continuous (… |past |now )
- I had (I'd) been working.
used to travel a lot - kind of past perfect continuous
Mistakes:
- Had got - no such, just "had".
Not good sound:
- Alex will work. - must be: Alex is working next week.
- Will you watch. - must be: Are you going to watch this?
22.3.3. Conditional, Conditional continuous
Conditional - now (might take place) | past (might have taken place in the past) | |
---|---|---|
e | He would speak. | He would have spoken. |
- | He would not speak. | He would not have spoken. |
? | Would he speak? | Would he have spoken? |
- If I were you, I would go home.
- If I had seen that, I would have helped.
Conditional - cont | past | |
---|---|---|
e | He would be speaking. | He would have been speaking. |
- | He would not be speaking. | He would not have been speaking. |
? | Would he be speaking? | Would he have been speaking? |
- She wasn't used to driving on the left.
- Then she got used to dring on the left.
- Now she is used to driving on the left
22.3.4. Future Perfect Continuous
Ram starts waiting at 9am. I am late and cannot arrive before 10am.
- Ram will have been waiting for an hour by the time I meet him.
22.3.5. two sentences
We do not use will in the when-part of future sentence.
- I'll phone you when I get home from work.
22.3.6. examples simple
I came yesterday. Tomorrow, I will come or Tomorrow, I am coming.
He is going to speak. decision made for the future
- Present Simple:
- I eat breakfast every morning.
- She likes to play tennis on the weekends.
- They usually watch TV in the evening.
- Present Continuous:
- I am studying for my exam right now.
- She is working on her project at the moment.
- They are having a meeting at 2 PM.
- Present Perfect:
- I have eaten breakfast already.
- She has just finished her homework.
- They have been on vacation for two weeks.
- Present Perfect Continuous:
- I have been studying for three hours.
- She has been working on her project for a month.
- They have been living in this city for ten years.
- Past Simple:
- I went to the store yesterday.
- She watched a movie last night.
- They visited their grandparents last weekend.
- Past Continuous:
- I was studying math when the phone tang.
- Past Perfect:
- She had visited Paris before she moved to London.
- We had already finished our work by the time he arrived.
- They had studied French for two years before going to France.
- He had never seen such a beautiful sight before.
22.3.7. examples advance
By the time I had finished my PhD, I will have already published five research papers in prestigious journals.
- К тому времени, когда я получу докторскую степень, я уже опубликую пять научных работ в
престижных журналах.
- Perfect (past), Perfect (future)
Once he has completed the marathon, he will have been training for over a year.
- Как только он завершит марафон, он будет тренироваться больше года.
- Perfect(present), perfect(future) continuous
By the end of this month, we will have been living in this city for ten years.
- К концу этого месяца мы будем жить в этом городе уже десять лет.
- perfect(future) continuous
After I graduate from university, I plan to pursue a Master's degree in neuroscience.
By the time they retire, they will have worked in the same company for 40 years.
Once she arrives, we will have already started the meeting. After the project is completed, we will have spent months developing the final product. By the time he turns 30, he will have traveled to every continent in the world. Once I have mastered the guitar, I will have been practicing for hours every day. After we finish eating dinner, we will have cooked a three-course meal from scratch.
22.4. articles
- I had a sandwich and an apple for lunch. (first time)
- The sandwich wasn't very good, but the apple nice (known things)
22.4.1. school / the school
We do not use the when we are thinking of the general idea of
- places: prison, hospital, university, college, church, school, bed, home, work. With most other
places, you need the. For example, the cinema, the bank.
- Ken went to the prison to visit his brother.
- When I leave school, I want to go to university/college.
- thinks or people in general: dogs, doctors, teachers, stamps, crime, music, food, cars, football,
history, English, children.
- Do you like classical music, chinese food, fast cars?
- We took the children to the zoo.
- All the cars in this car park belong to people who work here.
- The giraffe is the tallest of all animals
- Do you think the rich should pay higher taxes?
- "most + people / books / cars / hotels / … etc"
We do not use the:
- names of people: Helen, etc.
- names of places: Africa (not the Africa), Europe, France, Everest
- Mr/Mrs/Captain/Doctor + a name:
- We call the doctor. We call Doctor Johnson.
- We live near the lake. They live near Lake Constance.
We use the with
- Republi, Kingdom, States etc.:
- the Czech Republic
- the United Kingdom (the UK)
- have you been to Canada or the United States?
- plural names of people and places:
- people: the Taylors (= the Taylors family), the Johnsons.
- countries: the Netherlands, the Philippines, the Unites States
- groups of islands: the Canaries / the Canary Islands, the Bahamas
- mountain ranges: the Rocky Mountains / the Rockies, the Alps
- names with of: the Bank of England
the north of , nother …
Backingham Palace. the Royal Palace. (adjective)
22.4.2. abstract
Abstract nouns shouldn't get indeffinite article.
The same noun is sometimes abstract and sometimes not, depending on how you use it.
I can offer you an apple, an orange, or a pear. –I'll have the pear, thanks. – tell me the truth.
Water is necessary for life.
The water from the spring down the road tastes wonderful.
When loading and unloading a container ship, the deck officer must take into account both size and weight, so as not to unbalance the cargo.
When loading and unloading a container ship, the deck officer must take into account both the size and the weight of the containers, so as not to unbalance the cargo.
source
- In general, a source is the location from which information is gathered.
- A power source is a source of power. (phisics)
- A power source refers to the source of electricity, which is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit.1
- what is source of power? (abstract)
22.4.3. the pople of the country: the + nationality
- The French are plural in meaning.
22.5. is/are
Some singular nouns are often used with a plural verb:
- audience, committe, company, family, firm, goverment, staff, team:
- The goverment (= they) want to increase taxes.
- The staff at the school (= they) are not happy with their new working conditions.
22.6. capitalization in English
usually if a noun indicates a proper noun.
- I
- personal and place names: "John", "Mr. Smith", "Amsterdam", "Europe", "Mount Everest", "the Ganges".
- compass directions when referring to geographical regions: "Western Canada", "I was raised in the South", but not for points on a compass: "London is west of Berlin".
- races, tribes, nationalities, and languages: "Arabic", "Inuit", "French", "Chinese".
- national and regional adjectives: "an American" (noun), "an American man" (adjective).
- school subjects and courses: "He passed History this term", "She is taking Chemistry 101".
- religions: "an Anglican curate", "a Catholic church" (adjective), but not "a catholic diet" in which catholic simply means "all-encompassing" or "universal."
- the Supreme Being, deities and personifications: "God", "Providence", "Fame".
- reverential pronouns: "His, Him" when referring to God or Christ.
- days and months: "Monday", "January", but not seasons such as "autumn".
- brand names: "Toyota", "Nike", "Coca-Cola", unless the brand itself is purposely not capitalized or unusually capitalized: "iPhone", "eBay".
- royal titles: "King George III" but "kings and queens of England", but only sometimes 'sir' or 'madam'.
- planets and other celestial bodies: "Jupiter", "the Crab Nebula"; and "the Earth", "the Sun", or "the Moon" should be capitalized according to the International Astronomical Union based on its manual of style, but style guides may suggest differently
- words which change their meaning between capitalized and uncapitalized usage, such as "liberal" and "Liberal", are called capitonyms: Compare "A man of liberal tastes" and "The leader of the Liberal Party" (as with "catholic" above).
- in legal documents, where the full name of an individual or body is later referred to in short form, in order to avoid ambiguity: "John Smith (the Plaintiff)", "Exxon-Mobil Corporation (the Company)".
22.6.1. terms
- capital letter at the start of a word.
- proper noun - identifies a single entity (Africa, Jupiter, Sarah, Tesla, Inc.)
- common noun - refers to a class of entities (continent, planet, person, corporation)
22.6.2. прописные, или заглавные (большие), буквы и строчные (маленькие).
- в начале предложения и в начале прямой речи или цитаты
- Имена собственные (имена, фамилии, отчества людей, клички животных, названия стран, городов, рек, озёр, горных цепей и отдельных пиков и так далее).
- В именах собственных, состоящих из нескольких (двух или более) слов, с большой буквы пишутся (в отличие, напр., от английского языка) только первое слово и те слова, которые сами по себе являются именами собственными: Ленинградская область, Великолукская наступательная операция, Ладожское озеро, но: Великий Новгород, Малая Вишера. Но есть исключения — напр., Российская Федерация, Великая Отечественная война.
- Первое слово в названии исторических эпох и событий (Варфоломеевская ночь, Июльская монархия, Первая мировая война, Октябрьская революция), а также праздников (День независимости).
- Названия политических, культурных и других мероприятий (Всемирный экономический форум, Олимпийские игры).
- Имена религиозных и мифологических персонажей, а также слова, обозначающие бога в монотеистических религиях (Иисус Христос, Аллах, Всесильный, Он — если это местоимение относится к богу монотеистической религии). Для обозначения мифологических и языческих богов используется строчная буква.
- Названия фирм, компаний и так далее, названия заключаются в кавычки.
- Некоторые должности и титулы (Президент РФ, Ваше величество) в текстах официальных документов.
- Отдельные слова в особых случаях (Родина как синоним названия родной страны, но «родина кенгуру — Австралия»; Бог как обозначение божества монотеистической религии (чаще авраамических религий — христианства, ислама и иудаизма), но древнегреческий бог, красив как бог и тому подобное).
- Необязательно, но часто, — местоимение «вы» («Вы») и все его словоформы при использовании в качестве вежливого обращения к одному человеку в личной переписке, официальных документах и тому подобном.
- Используется для выделения в официальных текстах наименований документов, обозначения сторон, участников и тому подобного, например: «…Заказчик обязуется оплатить Исполнителю…», «…Стороны пришли к соглашению…», «… несоблюдение требований Правил влечёт за собой…». Как правило, в начале документа делают уточняющую запись — «… „Правила поведения в общественных местах“ (далее — Правила)…» или «… ООО „Одуванчик“ и Иван Иванович Иванов (далее — Стороны)…».
22.6.3. difference russian and english capitalization
- Звания и титулы по отношению к конкретным людям. Это могут быть профессиональные, научные, религиозные, государственные, королевские и другие титулы. Заглавная буква обязательна при обращении к человеку по званию или титулу или если оно используется вместе с именем
- Названия родственников или термины родства, когда они обозначают конкретного человека – например,
при обращении или в разговоре о родственнике.
- I miss you, dear Aunt!
- Названия дней недели и месяцев: Monday, April, January, summer
- Национальности и обозначение этнической принадлежности, a Black man.
- the Russians, Russian food, Japanese, African-American
- названиях религий. Islam, Buddhism, Protestant church, the Bible
22.7. Irregular verbs
beat | bi:t | beat | bi:t | beaten | 'bi:tn |
become | bɪ'kʌm | became | bɪ'keɪm | become | bɪ'kʌm |
begin | bɪ'gɪn | began | bɪ'gæn | begun | bɪ'gʌn |
bend | bend | bent | bent | bent | bent |
bind | baɪnd | bound | baʊnd | bound | baʊnd |
bite | baɪt | bit | bɪt | bitten | 'bɪtn |
bleed | bli:d | bled | bled | bled | bled |
blow | blou | blew | blu: | blown | bloun |
break | breɪk | broke | brouk | broken | 'broukən |
bring | brɪŋ | brought | brɔ:t | brought | brɔ:t |
build | bɪld | built | bɪlt | built | bɪlt |
burn | bɜ:rn | burnt | bɜ:rnt | burnt | bɜ:rnt |
burn | bɜ:rn | burned | bɜ:rnd | burned | bɜ:rnd |
buy | baɪ | bought | bɔ:t | bought | bɔ:t |
catch | kætʃ | caught | kɔ:t | caught | kɔ:t |
choose | tʃu:z | chose | tʃouz | chosen | 'tʃouzən |
come | kʌm | came | keɪm | come | kʌm |
cost | kɒst | cost | kɒst | cost | kɒst |
cut | kʌt | cut | kʌt | cut | kʌt |
dig | dɪg | dug | dʌg | dug | dʌg |
do | du: | did | dɪd | done | dʌn |
draw | drɔ: | drew | dru: | drawn | drɔ:n |
dream | dri:m | dreamt | dremt | dreamt | dremt |
dream | dri:m | dreamed | dri:md | dreamed | dri:md |
drink | drɪŋk | drank | dræŋk | drunk | drʌŋk |
drive | draɪv | drove | drouv | driven | 'drɪvən |
eat | i:t | ate | eɪt,et | eaten | 'i:tn |
fall | fɔ:l | fell | fel | fallen | 'fɔ:lən |
feed | fi:d | fed | fed | fed | fed |
feel | fi:l | felt | felt | felt | felt |
fight | faɪt | fought | fɔ:t | fought | fɔ:t |
find | faɪnd | found | faʊnd | found | faʊnd |
fly | flaɪ | flew | flu: | flown | floun |
forget | fər'get | forgot | fər'gɒt | forgotten | fər'gɒtn |
forgive | fər'gɪv | forgave | fər'geɪv | forgiven | fər'gɪvən |
freeze | fri:z | froze | frouz | frozen | 'frouzən |
get | get | got | gɒt | got | gɒt |
get | get | got | gɒt | gotten | 'gɒtn |
give | gɪv | gave | geɪv | given | 'gɪvən |
go | gou | went | went | gone | gɒn |
grow | grou | grew | gru: | grown | groun |
hang | hæŋ | hung | hʌŋ | hung | hʌŋ |
have | hæv | had | hæd | had | hæd |
hear | hɪər | heard | hɜ:rd | heard | hɜ:rd |
hide | haɪd | hid | hɪd | hidden | 'hɪdn |
hit | hɪt | hit | hɪt | hit | hɪt |
hold | hould | held | held | held | held |
hurt | hɜ:rt | hurt | hɜ:rt | hurt | hɜ:rt |
keep | ki:p | kept | kept | kept | kept |
know | nou | knew | nu: | known | noun |
lay | leɪ | laid | leɪd | laid | leɪd |
lead | li:d | led | led | led | led |
learn | lɜ:rn | learnt | lɜ:rnt | learnt | lɜ:rnt |
learn | lɜ:rn | learned | lɜ:rnd | learned | lɜ:rnd |
leave | li:v | left | left | left | left |
lend | lend | lent | lent | lent | lent |
let | let | let | let | let | let |
lie | laɪ | lay | leɪ | lain | leɪn |
lose | lu:z | lost | lɒst | lost | lɒst |
make | meɪk | made | meɪd | made | meɪd |
mean | mi:n | meant | ment | meant | ment |
meet | mi:t | met | met | met | met |
pay | peɪ | paid | peɪd | paid | peɪd |
put | pʊt | put | pʊt | put | pʊt |
read | ri:d | read | red | read | red |
ride | raɪd | rode | roud | ridden | 'rɪdn |
ring | rɪŋ | rang | ræŋ | rung | rʌŋ |
rise | raɪz | rose | rouz | risen | 'rɪzən |
run | rʌn | ran | ræn | run | rʌn |
say | seɪ | said | sed | said | sed |
see | si: | saw | sɔ: | seen | si:n |
sell | sel | sold | sould | sold | sould |
send | send | sent | sent | sent | sent |
set | set | set | set | set | set |
shake | ʃeɪk | shook | ʃʊk | shaken | 'ʃeɪkən |
shine | ʃaɪn | shone | ʃoun,ʃɒn | shone | ʃoun, ʃɒn |
shoot | ʃu:t | shot | ʃɒt | shot | ʃɒt |
show | ʃou | showed | ʃoud | shown | ʃoun |
shut | ʃʌt | shut | ʃʌt | shut | ʃʌt |
sing | sɪŋ | sang | sæŋ | sung | sʌŋ |
sink | sɪŋk | sank | sæŋk | sunk | sʌŋk |
sit | sɪt | sat | sæt | sat | sæt |
sleep | sli:p | slept | slept | slept | slept |
smell | smel | smelt | smelt | smelt | smelt |
smell | smel | smelled | smeld | smelled | smeld |
speak | spi:k | spoke | spouk | spoken | 'spoukən |
spell | spel | spelt | spelt | spelt | spelt |
spell | spel | spelled | speld | spelled | speld |
spend | spend | spent | spent | spent | spent |
spill | spɪl | spilt | spɪlt | spilt | spɪlt |
spill | spɪl | spilled | spɪld | spilled | spɪld |
spit | spɪt | spat | spæt | spat | spæt |
spit | spɪt | spit | spɪt | spit | spɪt |
split | splɪt | split | splɪt | split | splɪt |
spoil | spoɪl | spoilt | spoɪlt | spoilt | spoɪlt |
spoil | spoɪl | spoiled | spoɪld | spoiled | spoɪld |
stand | stænd | stood | stʊd | stood | stʊd |
steal | sti:l | stole | stoul | stolen | 'stoulən |
strike | straɪk | struck | strʌk | struck | strʌk |
swim | swɪm | swam | swæm | swum | swʌm |
take | teɪk | took | tʊk | taken | 'teɪkən |
teach | ti:tʃ | taught | tɔ:t | taught | tɔ:t |
tear | teər | tore | tɔr | torn | tɔrn |
tell | tel | told | tould | told | tould |
think | θɪŋk | thought | θɔ:t | thought | θɔ:t |
throw | θrou | threw | θru: | thrown | θroun |
understand | ʌndər'stænd | understood | ʌndər'stʊd | understood | ʌndər 'stʊd |
wake | weɪk | woke | wouk | woken | 'woukən |
wear | weər | wore | wɔr | worn | wɔrn |
win | wɪn | won | wʌn | won | wʌn |
write | raɪt | wrote | rout | written | 'rɪtn |
22.8. nouns plural or singular
Plural Nouns:
- Children
- Polity
- Gentry
- Brethren
- Infantry
- Police
- Cattle
- People
ex:
- There
waswere no Gentry in function. - Police
hashave been deployed all over the route.
Singular nouns - if not specified numerical:
- scissors
- spectacles
- binoculars
- thanks
- contents
- trousers
- socks
- pincers
- congratulations
- jeans
- remains
- pajamas
- earnings
- pants
- scales
- tights
- wages
- shorts
- pliers
- tweezers
- savings
ex:
- A pair of spectacles
havehas been bought by me. - He read the letter and made aware of its
contentscontent. - All the evidences
wherewas agains and he was held guilty. - He is a twenty
yearsyear old boy. The boy is twenty years old. - Twenty kms
areis a long distance. He walked twenty kms. - Twenty km walk is a long distance.
- The five members deligation will call on the president.
22.9. apostrophe ('s)
- The Ram House of ram = Ram's house. Ram and sham's house.
- Mother of his wife's secretary has died.
- He was late and entered the
female(Women's or ladies') compartment in hurry. - We reached the fare and found that there was no
placeroom to stand.
Never use apostrophe with non-living like wood, table, chair etc. Exceptions
- America's problems
- Nature's low
- A meter's length
- A Kg's sugar